Titanium & Titanium Alloys
Available in strip and wire
Titanium use in manufacturing has grown rapidly in recent years thanks to its material characteristics offering significant advantages over many other materials. Amongst Titanium’s key benefits are its superior resistance to corrosion, highest strength-to-density ratio, low coefficient of thermal expansion, excellent machining and fabrication and unique biocompatibility properties.
Titanium & Titanium Alloy Grades:
TITANIUM GRADE 1 R50250
TITANIUM GRADE 2 R50400
TITANIUM GRADE 3 R50550
TITANIUM GRADE 4 R50700
TITANIUM GRADE 7 R52400
TITANIUM GRADE 11 R52250
BETA 21S R58210
What are the benefits of using Titanium Alloys
Whilst being low weight, Titanium is one of the strongest materials available to manufacturers and offers the highest strength-to-density ratio of any material. Despite its exceptional strength, titanium is also both a soft and ductile material, providing excellent machining and fabrication possibilities. This makes it ideal for use in a diverse range of components and parts. Another significant benefit is Titanium's low coefficient of thermal expansion, enabling it to withstand extreme temperatures. As a result, Titanium is a particularly popular choice within aerospace manufacturing and has multiple applications within this sector.
What are the disadvantages of using Titanium Alloys?
Titanium has been a known element for many years, but it is only in the last 50 years or so that its importance has truly grown. The rapid growth of the Titanium industry is due to the versatility of the metal and its unique combination of features. These features include excellent corrosion resistance, outstanding strength to weight ratios and low density. The mechanical properties of Commercially Pure Titanium grades vary considerably with small changes within the chemical composition of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon. These alloys exists in two crystallographic forms and its alloys can be put into one of three categories:
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Alpha
Alpha/Beta
Beta alloys
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Pure titanium has an alpha structure. However, this transforms to a beta form as a result of being heated above 882°C. The addition of alloying elements influences this transformation. Many alloys have been developed where the beta phase is retained at room temperature. This provides a material containing alpha and beta phases. The relative amounts of these phases give rise to variations in properties such as ductility, weldability and ease of forming. Several grades whilst sharing physical and mechanical properties, have been developed with specific industry applications in mind. Whilst all Titanium grades are known for their excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in corrosive environments, with the addition of palladium to grades 7 and 11, this is further enhanced, making it ideally suited for chemical processing applications. Likewise Titanium Grade 21s, a beta alloy, was developed specifically for the aerospace sector, using combined molybdenum and niobium to raise corrosion resistance to superior levels.
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Owing to its property strengths, Titanium has become a vital material across a number of industry sectors. Chemical process industries rely on outstanding corrosion resistance, consequently making Commercially Pure Titanium strip an ideal material choice. Other demanding applications within aerospace, such as static and rotating gas turbine engine components, also require a combination of corrosion and heat resistance, low weight and high strength. With a low coefficient of thermal expansion, Titanium has the ability to withstand some of the most critical and highly stressed conditions. This has made it an ideal material solution for use in civilian and military airframe structures and components.
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In addition to applications within the Chemical, Aerospace and Automotive sector, these alloys have multiple applications in modern Medicine. In particular, there are a wide range of medical and dental devices including artificial implants, pacemakers and frameworks, in addition to surgical instruments. Whilst it is not completely immune to corrosion within the human body, Titanium is bacteria resistant and offers biocompatibility. Unlike other metals, tissue and bone can bond to an artificial implant. This Osseointegration phenomenon is unique to the alloy. As a result of growing medical procedures and biomedical innovation, Titanium use is expected to grow further.
| CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TITANIUM ALLOYS | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designation | TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION % | |||||||
| Common Name | UNS (Nearest Fit) | C | N | O | H | Fe | Ti | Others |
| ALPHA | ||||||||
| Grade 1 | R50250 | 0.10 max | 0.03 max | 0.25 max | 0.015 max | 0.30 max | bal. | - |
| Grade 2 | R50400 | 0.10 max | 0.03 max | 0.25 max | 0.015 max | 0.30 max | bal. | - |
| Grade 3 | R50550 | 0.10 max | 0.05 max | 0.35 max | 0.015 max | 0.30 max | bal. | Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 |
| Grade 4 | R50700 | 0.10 max | 0.05 max | 0.40 max | 0.015 max | 0.50 max | bal. | Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 |
| Grade 7 | R52400 | 0.10 max | 0.03 max | 0.25 max | 0.015 max | 0.30 max | bal. | Pd: 0.12 - 0.25 |
| Grade 11 | R52250 | 0.10 max | 0.03 max | 0.18 max | 0.015 max | 0.20 max | bal. | Pd: 0.12 - 0.25 |
| ALPHA/BETA | ||||||||
| Grade 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) | R56400 | 0.10 max | 0.05 max | 0.20 max | 0.015 max | 0.40 max | bal. | Strip: Al 5.5 - 6.75 V 3.5 - 4.5 Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 Ob: 0.12 - 0.25 Wire: Al 5.5 – 7.5 |
| Grade 9 (Ti 3Al 2.5V) | R56320 | 0.05 max | 0.020 max | 0.12 max | 0.015 max | 0.25 max | bal. | Al: 2.5 - 3.5 Va: 2.0 - 3.0 Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 |
| BETA | ||||||||
| 21S | R58210 | 0.05 max | 0.05 max | 0.11 - 0.15 | 0.015 max | 0.40 max | bal. | Al: 2.5 - 3.5 Mo: 14.0 - 16.0 Nb (Cb): 2.2 - 3.2 Si: 0.15 - 0.25 Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 |
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ALLOY WIRE | ||
|---|---|---|
| Designation | Tensile Minimum Strength N/mm² | |
| Common Name | UNS (Nearest Fit) | |
| ALPHA | ||
| Grade 1 | R50250 | 240 |
| Grade 2 | R50400 | 360 |
| Grade 3 | R50550 | 460 |
| Grade 4 | R50700 | 560 |
| Grade 7 | R52400 | Available as Strip Only. |
| Grade 11 | R52250 | Available as Strip Only. |
| ALPHA/ BETA | ||
| Grade 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) | R56400 | 900 |
| Grade 9 (Ti 3Al 2.5V) | R56320 | Available as Strip Only. |
| BETA | ||
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ALLOY STRIP | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designation | Proof Strength 0.2% Min (N/mm2) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elong. % Min. (50mm Gauge Length) | |
| Common Name | UNS (Nearest Fit) | |||
| ALPHA | ||||
| Grade 1 | R50250 | 170 - 240 | 240 - 330 | 24 |
| Grade 2 | R50400 | 275 - 345 | 345 - 430 | 20 |
| Grade 3 | R50550 | 380 - 450 | 450 - 520 | 18 |
| Grade 4 | R50700 | 480 - 580 | 550 - 660 | 15 |
| Grade 7 | R52400 | 275 - 450 | 345 - 448 | 20 |
| Grade 11 | R52250 | 138 - 310 | 240 - 345 | 24 |
| ALPHA/ BETA | ||||
| Grade 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) | R56400 | 862 | 931 | 10 |
| Grade 9 (Ti 3Al 2.5V) | R56320 | 520 - 585 | 620 - 690 | 15 |
| BETA | ||||
| TITANIUM ALLOYS: MATERIAL FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designation | Notable Features | Alloy Description | Key Markets | ||
| Common Name | UNS (Nearest Fit) | ||||
| ALPHA | |||||
| Grade 1 / Commercially Pure (CP) Ti 25 | R50250 | • Highest ductility of CP grades • Excellent corrosion resistance (seawater/chemical) • Outstanding cold formability • Excellent weldability • Variety of surface conditions from bright to dull | Titanium Grade 1 is the softest and most ductile of the commercially pure titanium alloys, offering outstanding corrosion resistance, excellent weldability and maximum formability. Its low strength is offset by exceptional fabrication ease, making it highly suited to deep-drawn and stamped strip components, as well as fine precision wire applications. Compared with other Titanium alloys, Grade 1 is chosen where complex forming and reliable corrosion resistance are more critical than mechanical strength. Titanium Grade 1 strip and wire are widely used in chemical processing equipment, marine components, heat exchangers, medical shielding and lightweight sporting goods. | Aerospace, Marine, Medical, Automotive, Chemical Processing, Sporting Goods, Oil and Gas, Paper & Pulp Processing, Stamping, Etching, General Fabrication, Desalintation | |
| Grade 2 / CP Ti 40 | R50400 | • Best strength-to-weight among CP corrosion-resistant materials • Excellent corrosion resistance • Very good formability • Excellent weldability | Titanium Grade 2 is the most widely specified CP titanium, balancing corrosion resistance, strength and formability for use across multiple industries. It combines moderate tensile strength with excellent ductility, weldability and long-term resistance to seawater and industrial chemicals; however, it is not hardenable by heat treatment. Compared with Grade 1, it provides higher strength while retaining ease of fabrication, making it the preferred option for general-purpose titanium strip and wire. Titanium Grade 2 strip and wire are used in aerospace structures, marine hardware, condensers, medical devices and industrial process equipment. | Aerospace, Marine, Medical, Automotive, Chemical Processing, Sporting Goods, Oil and Gas, Paper & Pulp Processing, Stamping and Etching, Desalintation, Cryogenic | |
| Grade 3 / CP Ti | R50550 | • Higher strength than Grades 1 & 2 • Good formability & weldability • Excellent corrosion resistance | Titanium Grade 3 is a higher-strength CP titanium with excellent corrosion resistance and good weldability. It offers greater mechanical strength than Grades 1 and 2 while maintaining ductility and ease of fabrication for strip and wire applications; however, it is not hardenable by heat treatment. This grade is commonly selected where added load-bearing capacity is required in harsh chemical or marine environments. Titanium Grade 3 strip and wire are used for aerospace structural components, bellows, plating jigs, gaskets and medical devices such as orthodontic pins. | Aerospace, Automotive, Medical, Marine, Chemical Processing | |
| Grade 4 / CP Ti 70 (High O) | R50700 | • Highest strength CP grade • Excellent corrosion resistance • Good weldability; moderate formability | Titanium Grade 4 is the strongest of the commercially pure titanium alloys, developed with higher oxygen content to achieve superior tensile strength. It maintains excellent corrosion resistance and weldability, with sufficient ductility for moderate forming in strip and wire production; however, it is not hardenable by heat treatment. Compared with Grades 1–3, it is chosen when maximum strength is required without sacrificing corrosion performance. Titanium Grade 4 strip and wire are commonly specified for aerospace honeycomb, medical implants, marine fittings, gaskets and chemical plant equipment. | Aerospace, Chemical Processing, Medical, Marine, Automotive, Stamping and Etching | |
| Grade 7 / Ti-0.2Pd (Pd-stabilised) | R52400 | • Palladium-enhanced resistance in reducing/chloride media • Excellent weldability & fabricability • Properties similar to Grade 2 | Grade 7 Titanium offers superior corrosion resistance, particularly in acids and other reducing and oxidizing media due to the addition of palladium. Grade 7 has similar physical and mechanical properties to Grade 2. Because the addition of palladium increases the cost of titanium, grade 7 titanium is often selected when other pure titanium grades cannot meet the conditions of use. It has excellent welding and fabrication properties. | Chemical Processing | |
| Grade 11 / Ti-0.15Pd (low-O) | R52250 | • Pd-modified equivalent of Grade 1 • Enhanced resistance in reducing/chloride environments • High ductility, excellent weldability | Titanium Grade 11 is the palladium-modified equivalent of Grade 1, offering similar ductility and fabrication ease but with superior resistance to reducing and oxidising media. It maintains excellent weldability and cold formability, while providing high toughness and corrosion resistance in strip and wire products. Compared with Grade 1, it delivers enhanced protection in chloride-rich and acidic environments, making it well suited to chemical and marine service. Titanium Grade 11 strip and wire are widely used in chemical storage tanks, desalination equipment, marine fittings and deep-drawn fabrications. | Chemical processing, Marine, Desalination, Stamping and Pressing | |
| ALPHA/ BETA | |||||
| Grade 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) | R56400 | • Heat-treatable α-β alloy (solution + age) • High specific strength & fatigue strength • Excellent corrosion resistance • Good weldability (shielding essential) | Titanium Grade 5 is the most widely used α-β titanium alloy, combining a high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance and good fatigue strength. Unlike CP titanium, it is heat-treatable, allowing for higher strength levels in demanding strip and wire applications. Compared to Grades 1–4, it offers significantly greater mechanical performance while retaining weldability and oxidation resistance up to approximately 400 °C (750 °F). Titanium Grade 5 strip and wire are widely specified for aerospace components, turbine hardware, medical implants and high-performance sporting goods. | Medical, Aerospace, Chemical, Marine, Oil and Gas, Sporting Goods | |
| Grade 9 (Ti 3Al 2.5V) | R56320 | • Cold-work strengthenable; excellent weldability • Strength between CP and Grade 5 • Very good corrosion resistance • Ideal for precision strip & tubing | Titanium Grade 9 is an α-β alloy that offers a balance between the weldability and formability of CP titanium and the higher strength of Grade 5. It is strengthened through cold working rather than precipitation hardening, making it highly suitable for precision strip and seamless tubing. Compared with CP grades, it provides improved strength with good corrosion resistance, while offering easier fabrication than Grade 5. Titanium Grade 9 strip and wire are used in aerospace hydraulic systems, fasteners, medical device housings and lightweight sporting equipment such as golf club shafts and bicycle frames. | Aerospace, Medical, Marine, Chemical Processing, Automotive, Sporting Goods | |
| BETA | |||||
Stripe Processing
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