Titanium & Titanium Alloys
Available in strip and wire
Titanium use in manufacturing has grown rapidly in recent years thanks to its material characteristics offering significant advantages over many other materials. Amongst Titanium’s key benefits are its superior resistance to corrosion, highest strength-to-density ratio, low coefficient of thermal expansion, excellent machining and fabrication and unique biocompatibility properties.
Titanium & Titanium Alloy Grades:
TITANIUM GRADE 1 R50250
TITANIUM GRADE 2 R50400
TITANIUM GRADE 3 R50550
TITANIUM GRADE 4 R50700
TITANIUM GRADE 7 R52400
TITANIUM GRADE 11 R52250
BETA 21S R58210
What are the benefits of using Titanium Alloys
Titanium provides a number of advantages to manufacturers across a number of sectors. It possesses superior resistance to corrosion, especially in oxidising and reducing media, which is particularly valuable to industries working within corrosive environments. It is widely used in chemical processing and offshore applications.
Whilst being low weight, Titanium is one of the strongest materials available to manufacturers and offers the highest strength-to-density ratio of any material. Despite its exceptional strength, titanium is also both a soft and ductile material, providing excellent machining and fabrication possibilities. This makes it ideal for use in a diverse range of components and parts. Another significant benefit is Titanium's low coefficient of thermal expansion, enabling it to withstand extreme temperatures. As a result, Titanium is a particularly popular choice within aerospace manufacturing and has multiple applications within this sector.
Not-toxicity and biocompatibility however are some of the most interesting benefits to the material. Bacteria resistance offers significant medical advantages and thanks to osseointegration, it can be safely implanted in both humans and animals.
What are the disadvantages of using Titanium Alloys?
Though offering many benefits, the most significant disadvantage of using Titanium in manufacturing is the cost due to its rarity. Difficulties in casting and a low stress-to-strain ratio resulting in deformation can make other materials a more viable option for certain applications.
Titanium has been a known element for many years, but it is only in the last 50 years or so that its importance has truly grown. The rapid growth of the Titanium industry is due to the versatility of the metal and its unique combination of features. These features include excellent corrosion resistance, outstanding strength to weight ratios and low density. The mechanical properties of Commercially Pure Titanium grades vary considerably with small changes within the chemical composition of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon. These alloys exists in two crystallographic forms and its alloys can be put into one of three categories:
Alpha
Alpha/Beta
Beta alloys
Pure titanium has an alpha structure. However, this transforms to a beta form as a result of being heated above 882°C. The addition of alloying elements influences this transformation. Many alloys have been developed where the beta phase is retained at room temperature. This provides a material containing alpha and beta phases. The relative amounts of these phases give rise to variations in properties such as ductility, weldability and ease of forming. Several grades whilst sharing physical and mechanical properties, have been developed with specific industry applications in mind. Whilst all Titanium grades are known for their excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in corrosive environments, with the addition of palladium to grades 7 and 11, this is further enhanced, making it ideally suited for chemical processing applications. Likewise Titanium Grade 21s, a beta alloy, was developed specifically for the aerospace sector, using combined molybdenum and niobium to raise corrosion resistance to superior levels.
Owing to its property strengths, Titanium has become a vital material across a number of industry sectors. Chemical process industries rely on outstanding corrosion resistance, consequently making Commercially Pure Titanium strip an ideal material choice. Other demanding applications within aerospace, such as static and rotating gas turbine engine components, also require a combination of corrosion and heat resistance, low weight and high strength. With a low coefficient of thermal expansion, Titanium has the ability to withstand some of the most critical and highly stressed conditions. This has made it an ideal material solution for use in civilian and military airframe structures and components.
In addition to applications within the Chemical, Aerospace and Automotive sector, these alloys have multiple applications in modern Medicine. In particular, there are a wide range of medical and dental devices including artificial implants, pacemakers and frameworks, in addition to surgical instruments. Whilst it is not completely immune to corrosion within the human body, Titanium is bacteria resistant and offers biocompatibility. Unlike other metals, tissue and bone can bond to an artificial implant. This Osseointegration phenomenon is unique to the alloy. As a result of growing medical procedures and biomedical innovation, Titanium use is expected to grow further.
| CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TITANIUM ALLOYS | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard ASTM B265 | Alloy UNS | TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION % | ||||||
| C | N | O | H | Fe | Ti | Others | ||
| ALPHA | ||||||||
| Grade 1 | R 50250 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.015 | 0.2 | Balance | Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 |
| Grade 2 | R 50400 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.015 | 0.3 | Balance | Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 |
| Grade 3 | R 50550 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.35 | 0.015 | 0.3 | Balance | Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 |
| Grade 4 | R 50700 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.4 | 0.015 | 0.5 | Balance | Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 |
| Grade 7 | R52400 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.015 | 0.3 | Balance | Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 Ob: 0.12 - 0.25 |
| Grade 11 | R52250 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.015 | 0.2 | Balance | Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 Ob: 0.12 - 0.25 |
| ALPHA/BETA | ||||||||
| Grade 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) | R56400 | Strip: 0.08 Wire: 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.2 | 0.015 | Strip: 0.4 Wire: 0.03 | Balance | Strip: Al 5.5 - 6.75 V 3.5 - 4.5 Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 Ob: 0.12 - 0.25 Wire: Al 5.5 – 7.5 |
| Grade 9 (Ti 3Al 2.5V) | R56320 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.015 | 0.25 | Balance | Al: 2.5 - 3.5 Va: 2.0 - 3.0 Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 |
| BETA | ||||||||
| 21S | R58210 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.015 | 0.4 | Balance | Al: 2.5 - 3.5 Mo: 14.0 - 16.0 Nb: 2.2 - 3.2 Si: 0.15 - 0.25 Others (each): 0.1 Others (total): 0.4 |
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ALLOY WIRE | ||
|---|---|---|
| Standard ASTM B265 | Alloy UNS | Tensile Minimum Strength N/mm² |
| ALPHA | ||
| Grade 1 | R 50250 | 240 |
| Grade 2 | R 50400 | 360 |
| Grade 3 | R 50550 | 460 |
| Grade 4 | R 50700 | 560 |
| Grade 7 | R52400 | Available as Strip Only. |
| Grade 11 | R52250 | Available as Strip Only. |
| ALPHA/ BETA | ||
| Grade 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) | R 56400 | 900 |
| Grade 9 (Ti 3Al 2.5V) | UNS R56320 | Available as Strip Only. |
| BETA | ||
| 21S | R58210 | Available as Strip Only. |
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM ALLOY STRIP | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard ASTM B265 | Alloy UNS | Proof Strength 0.2% Min (N/mm2) | Tensile Strength | Elong. % Min. (50mm Gauge Length) |
| ALPHA | ||||
| Grade 1 | R 50250 | 170 - 240 | 240 - 330 | 24 |
| Grade 2 | R 50400 | 275 - 345 | 345 - 430 | 20 |
| Grade 3 | R 50550 | 380 - 450 | 450 - 520 | 18 |
| Grade 4 | R 50700 | 480 - 580 | 550 - 660 | 15 |
| Grade 7 | R52400 | 275 - 450 | 345 - 448 | 20 |
| Grade 11 | R52250 | 138 - 310 | 240 - 345 | 24 |
| ALPHA/ BETA | ||||
| Grade 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) | R 56400 | 862 | 931 | 10 |
| Grade 9 (Ti 3Al 2.5V) | UNS R56320 | 520 - 585 | 620 - 690 | 15 |
| BETA | ||||
| 21S | R58210 | 1103 | 1068 | 12 |
| TITANIUM ALLOYS: MATERIAL FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard ASTM B265 | Alloy UNS | Key Features | Key Markets | Applications |
| ALPHA | ||||
| Grade 1 | R 50250 | Grade 1 Titanium has excellent corrosion resistance, and is one of the softest and most ductile Titanium grades, offering maximum formability and excellent weldability. It has limited strength and is not hardenable by heat treatment. It is widely used for Marine, Chemical Processing and Medical applications, however its characteristics are suited to a wide range of sector applications. | Aerospace, Marine, Medical, Automotive, Chemical Processing, Sporting Goods, Oil and Gas, Paper & Pulp Processing, Stamping and Etching | heat exchangers, heating coils, condenser, tubing, valves, pumps, banding, bellows, gaskets, aircraft skin, honeycomb material for aircraft, offshore components, medically implantable battery cases and shields for crm and neurostimulation devices, implantable battery cathodes and connectors, deep drawing applications, stamped or etched fabrications, sports equipment |
| Grade 2 | R 50400 | Grade 2 Titanium provides excellent corrosion resistance, very good formability and improved strength over Grade 1. It has the best strength to weight ratio of any corrosion resistant material and excellent weldability, however, it is not hardenable by heat treatment. Grade 2 is the one of the most popular Titanium grades. | ||
| Grade 3 | R 50550 | Grade 3 Titanium offers excellent corrosion resistance, good formability and increased strength over Grades 1 and 2, but with similar ductility and excellent weldability. It is not hardenable by heat treatment. This Titanium grade is most commonly used where corrosion resistance is a major design requirement. | Aerospace, Automotive, Medical, Marine, Chemical Processing | bellows, aerospace structural components, gaskets, heat exchanger parts, aircraft skin, honeycomb material for aircraft, plating jigs, orthodontic pins, marine components |
| Grade 4 | R 50700 | Grade 4 Titanium provides excellent corrosion resistance, with the highest strength of the commercially pure titanium grades, in addition to excellent weldability. It has sufficient ductility for moderate forming, but is not hardenable by heat treatment. | Aerospace, Chemical Processing, Medical, Automotive, Stamping and Etching | honeycomb material for aircraft, aircraft skin, bellows, gaskets, heat exchanger parts, implantable battery cathodes and connectors, plating jigs, orthodontic pins, stamped or etched fabrications |
| Grade 7 | R 52400 | Grade 7 Titanium offers superior corrosion resistance, particularly in acids and other reducing and oxidizing media due to the addition of palladium. Grade 7 has similar physical and mechanical properties to Grade 2. Because the addition of palladium increases the cost of titanium, grade 7 titanium is often selected when other pure titanium grades cannot meet the conditions of use. It has excellent welding and fabrication properties. | Chemical Processing | chloride containing applications, reactor autoclaves, marine components, pumps, piping and fittings, valves, heat exchangers and condensers |
| Grade 11 | R 52250 | Grade 11 Titanium shares similar physical and mechanical properties to Grade 1, providing good ductility and cold formability, along with high impact toughness and excellent weldability. Whilst more costly than Grade 1 due to the addition of palladium, this addition creates superior corrosion resistance, particularly in acids and other reducing and oxidizing media. | Chemical processing, Marine, Desalination, Stamping and Pressing | chloride containing applications, chemical storage and processing, marine components, pumps, valves, fittings and auxiliary equipment, heat exchangers, deep drawing applications, ducting |
| ALPHA/ BETA | ||||
| Grade 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) | R56400 | Grade 5 Titanium is the most widely used Titanium alloy, chosen for its excellent fatigue strength, high strength to weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance and good weldability. Unlike many other Titanium grades, it can be heat treated, but can only be hardened by cold work. | Medical, Aerospace, Chemical, Marine, Oil and Gas, Sporting Goods | Aerospace structural components, turbine blades, discs and rings, medical implants and devices, sports equipment, springs for high temperature |
| Grade 9 (Ti 3Al 2.5V) | R56320 | Grade 9 Titanium provides a compromise between the weldability and manufacturing ease of the pure Titanium grades and the high strength of Grade 5. It can be strengthened by cold working and is hardenable by heat treatment. | Aerospace, Medical, Marine, Chemical Processing, Automotive, Sporting Goods | Honeycomb material for aircraft, seamless tubing for hydraulic systems, mechanical fasteners, bellows, shields for CRM and Neurostimulation devices, implantable battery cases, golf club shafts, tennis racquets, bicycle frames |
| BETA | ||||
| 21S | R58210 | Titanium Grade 21S is an alloy with improved oxidation resistance, using a combination of molybdenum and niobium to raise corrosion resistance to superior levels. Further benefits include a substantial strength to weight ratios in addition to elevated temperature strength and creep strength. This titanium grade has good cold formability and weldability and is extremely resistant to aircraft hydraulic fluid. While principally developed for aerospace applications, this grade can be composed completely from biocompatible elements making it particularly ideal for medical applications. | Aerospace, Medical, Oil and Gas | airframes and engine structures, engine exhaust plug, nozzle assemblies, fasteners and structural honeycombs, orthopedic implants, medical components, deep sour oil wells, geothermal brine wells |
Stripe Processing
All data is provided for informational purposes only. In no event will Precision Metals EU and its partners, be liable with respect to any action taken by any third party arising from using the information taken from our online or printed sources. Chemical and Mechanical Properties should not be construed as maximum or minimum values for specifications, nor should the information be used to assess suitability for a particular use or application. The information and data provided are deemed to be accurate to the best of our knowledge and may be revised anytime without notice, and assume no duty to update.